The Influence of Parenting and Social Environment on Bullying

: Adolescence is a transitional age from childhood to adulthood, a process of development and search for identity. The research aimed to identify parenting patterns and the social environment on bullying behavior in teenagers at Hasanuddin Gowa High School and to analyze the influence of parenting patterns and the social environment on bullying behavior. The research design used was analytical with a Cross-Sectional Study approach. The research results were obtained using a questionnaire sheet with a sample size of 52 respondents. Sampling was taken purposively. The results of the bivariate analysis show that there is an influence of parental parenting on bullying behavior using the multiple linear regression test with the t-test, the calculated t value > t table (2.703 > 1.677) and a significant value of 0.001 < 0.05 and the social environment on bullying behavior obtained using the t-test. Calculated t value > t table (2.561 > 1.677) and significant value 0.000 < 0.05, this research concludes that there is an influence between parental parenting patterns on bullying behavior and the social environment on bullying behavior at Hasanuddin Gowa High School. It is recommended that schools can further improve education regarding the impact of bullying behavior which has recently become a severe problem in the education sector. The school must also constantly monitor and control any negative student behavior so that it does not have a worse impact in the future.


INTRODUCTION
Adolescence is a transition from child to adult.The transition period for teenagers begins by showing their identity by positively behaving by their respective character and creativity, including being attractive and creative.Apart from that, during this transition period, teenagers also show behaviors that lead to negative things, namely rioting and even referring to acts of violence.(1) The identity stage is when teenagers search for their identity.If a teenager, in searching for his identity, associates with a good environment, a good identity will also be created, and vice versa.Thus, identity deviations often occur, for example, committing crimes or violence such as bullying, rebellion, and other despicable acts.(2).
Bullying behavior can occur individually or in groups carried out by a child or a group consistently, where the action contains an element of injury to the child who is much weaker than the perpetrator; the action can take the form of verbal abuse, ridicule, insults, and threats, as well as physical aggression, such as hitting, kicking, punching, and damaging other people's belongings (3).This survey was conducted on 15,686 students in grades 6 to 10 in various public and private schools in the United States, and the results showed that more than 16% of school students in the United States admitted to experiencing bullying by other students.(4).
One of the incidents of rule violation that caught students' attention during the school year was school class violence.Many acts of brawling and violence (Bullying) carried out by students at Selmakiln schools are celebrated on the pages of Meldila Print and Meldila Ellelktronilk.This result proves that the humane values of teenagers have been neglected (5)(6).
Two major factors influence the behavior of bullying in children, namely internal factors: Family, school, and community environment and personal factors (personality, personality, character).)(7).
The occurrence of bullying can be prevented by the role of all parties involved in the youth environment.Children must develop the right environment, and parents must evaluate the current psychological patterns throughout life and become suitable models in dealing with others.Based on that data, The number of young people at HASANUDDIlN GOWA SMA is 110.Based on interviews with 5 students, data was obtained that there were friends who bullied other friends.Based on the information above, it is appropriate to research "The Influence of Parental Parenting Patterns and the Social Environment on the Perpetration of Bullying."

METHODS
The quantitative research analysis uses an analytical analysis method through a cross-selective study.The population in this study were all teenagers at SMA HASANUDDIlN GOWA with a population of 110 students.The sample in this study was students of the class for the Dependent variable Bullying Behavior is a questionnaire sheet created by researchers using Skala Gutman with nine-item questionsanalysis data by SPSS Versi 26.

The influence of parenting patterns on bullying behavior
Based on the analysis results in Table 5.7, from 52 respondents, it was found that good parenting patterns and the occurrence of bullying behavior were 3 (5.8%)respondents, and good parenting patterns and the absence of bullying behavior were 17 (32.7%)respondents.Apart from that, it was found that parental parenting patterns were lacking.Bullying behavior occurred in 29 (58.8%)respondents and parenting patterns were lacking, and bullying behavior did not occur in 3 (5.8%)respondents.This can be seen in the following table: Based on Regresi Linier significance value is 0.007 < 0.05, then it can be concluded that Ha accepts dan H0 this reject; this means that there is an influence of parental parenting on bullying behavior among teenagers at Hasanuddin Gowa High School

The Influence of the Social Environment on Bullying Behavior
Based on the analysis results in Table 5.8, out of 52 respondents, there were suitable social environments.The occurrence of bullying perpetration was 7 (13.5%) of the respondents, and the social climate was good, and there were no incidents of bullying perpetration in 18 (34.6%) of the respondents.Meanwhile, a poor social environment and bullying occurred in 25 (48.1%)respondents, and an inadequate social environment and no bullying occurred in 2 (3.8%) respondents.This can be seen in the following table: Based on the statistical test of Multiple Linear Regression, we obtained a Silgnilfilkan value of 0.001 < 0.05; it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, meaning that there is an influence of the social environment on bullying behavior among teenagers at SMA Hasanuddiln Gowa.

The influence of parenting styles on bullying behavior among teenagers at Hasanuddin Gowa High School
The influence of parenting styles on bullying behavior among teenagers at Hasanuddin Gowa High School.From the research results, 52 respondents were found to have good parenting patterns and the occurrence of bullying, as many as 3 (5.8%),according to the assumption that if the parents' parenting patterns include bullying behavior that continues to occur in children, then other factors cause bullying behavior to occur.Scientific research is supported by research Mc Evoy (8) revealed that peer friends often release information about the world outside the Family.Rejection from peer friends can give rise to feelings of selfishness and hostility, which can affect mental health and cause criminal problems.
From the research results, 52 respondents were found to have good parenting patterns and the absence of bullying, as many as 17 (32.7%)respondents.According to the assumption that the role of parents in educating children is vital, the first education children receive from their families continues to be the same as the parenting patterns provided by parents will influence the occurrence of bullying in teenagers.
The results are in line with the child abuse that Permata discovered.Parenting is an activity carried out by parents with their children in complete education.Parents provide care through education, knowledge, communication, supervision, safety, and protection to protect themselves.What kind of maturity prevails in society is related to the interests of His life (9).
From the research results, 52 respondents were found to have found inadequate parenting patterns and the occurrence of bullying in 29 (55.8%)respondents.According to the basic assumption, there are three parental parenting styles.Authoritative parenting is a way of raising children with strict rules while constantly forcing children to behave according to their (parent's) wishes.Democratic parenting is characterized by parents' recognition of the child's abilities.Children are allowed not to always depend on their parents, and independent parenting is characterized by how parents provide children who are not always accessible; children are considered adults or young people and are given the widest leeway to do whatever the Family's parenting style gives them.What can cause bullying is an authoritarian parenting style, which will teach children to be disobedient, resulting from the way parents always want to be listened to and not ignored.
According to the research assumption that based on the statistical test of Multiple Linear Regression, a significant value of 0.007 < 0.05 was obtained, it can be concluded that Hadiltelrilma and H0 were rejected, meaning that there is an influence on parenting patterns regarding bullying behavior among teenagers at Hasanuddin Gowa High School.

The Influence of the Social Environment on Bullying Behavior at Hasanuddin Gowa High School
The education results of the 52 employees with a lousy category were 27 (51.9%),and those with an excellent category were 25 (48.1%).According to assumptions, the social environment could also be the cause of the occurrence of bullying.It is not surprising that in the school environment, there is bullying between students.Bullying is an act or behavior that occurs repeatedly.These actions can happen because they are based on the personal factors of the perpetrators of bullying and situational factors, including an unfavorable environment.
The results of bullying are supported by other research; bullying behavior is not a behavior that is formed by oneself but rather from experiences that have been experienced in one's environment.(10).According to Hermelen and other researchers, Family, and environment are two critical systems in teenagers' lives.When entering school, the cognitive skills of teenagers will develop, as well as the social and social development of teenagers will also be affected (11)(12)(13)(14) (15).
Based on the regression test table, the Silg value can be seen.Of 0.000.Karelna Nillail.Silg.0.001 < 0.05, then it can be concluded that Ha was accepted, meaning there was an influence on the social environment regarding bullying at Hasanuddiln Gowa High School.According to the researcher's assumptions, the results of this investigation show that as long as the social environment improves, the level of bullying will begin to decrease or increase.

CONCLUSION
There is an influence of parental parenting on bullying behavior at Hasanuddin High School, Gowa, based on the correlation test table, it can be seen that the Sig value is 0.001 because the significance is 0.007 < 0.05 and there is an influence of the social environment on bullying behavior at Hasanuddin High School, Gowa.Based on the Relgression test table, it can be seen that the Sig value is 0.000 because the significance is 0.001 < 0.05

Table 1 .
Frequency distribution of parenting patterns of parents of students at Hasanuddin Gowa High School in the Good category, 20 (38.5%) respondents and parents' parenting patterns in the Poor category, 32 (61.5%) respondents.The parenting patterns of parents of students at Hasanuddin Gowa High School are in the Poor category.Based on the Distilbusi frequency table Social Environment category Good 25 (48.1%)respondents, with the bad category 27 (51.9%)respondents.Social Environment in Hasanuddin Gowa High School category Bad.Based on Table 3, Distribution of the frequency of Bullying Behavior at Hasanuddin Gowa High School, there are 32 (61.5%) respondents in the Never category and 20 (38.5%) respondents in the Never category.It can be said that Bullying Behavior at Hasanuddin Gowa High School is in the Never category.

Table 4 .
The influence of parenting patterns on bullying behavior

Table 5 .
The Influence of the Social Environment on Bullying Behavior